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10 min read

Grammar-Based Fuzzing: What Random Mutation Misses

Why random-mutation fuzzers lose coverage on structured protocols, and how to model a PDU with a grammar to systematically traverse field combinations. Covers And/Or combinatorial-explosion control, automatic boundary-value generation, automatic Size-field computation, and Lua-based checksum recomputation.

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19 min read

Anatomy of Achilles Certification — How Industrial Control Devices Get Fuzzed

An anatomy of how Achilles Communications Certification (ACC) tests PLCs, RTUs, and industrial switches. It covers the classification of 31 L1 / 54 L2 test cases, the seven test types (Scans, Storms, Fuzzers, Grammars), control-protocol coverage from the IP stack up to DNP3, Modbus, and IEC 61850, and what the Normal/Warning/Failure monitors actually determine.

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10 min read

Fuzzer Design for LS Electric PLC Protocol Analysis

A draft design for blackbox fuzzing of the LS Electric PLC system, built on analysis of the XGT protocol. Covers automated mutation strategy, crash triage, and the monitoring infrastructure for discovering vulnerabilities in industrial control systems.

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