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19 min read

IEC 62443-4-2 Primer — A Map of FR1-7 and Component Requirements

A primer map for anyone new to IEC 62443-4-2. Covers why the 62443 series is divided by audience rather than topic, the four faces of SL and the three faces of SL 0, the Component Requirements (CR) of the seven Foundational Requirements (FR1-7), the SAR/EDR/HDR/NDR component types, and the distinctly industrial-security idea of "maintain degraded mode instead of preventing DoS."

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10 min read

Fuzzer Design for LS Electric PLC Protocol Analysis

A draft design for blackbox fuzzing of the LS Electric PLC system, built on analysis of the XGT protocol. Covers automated mutation strategy, crash triage, and the monitoring infrastructure for discovering vulnerabilities in industrial control systems.

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